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involves much

  • 1 πόνος

    πόνος, ου, ὁ (πένομαι ‘toil’; Hom.+)
    ① work that involves much exertion or trouble, (hard) labor, toil (Onesicritus [c. 310 B.C.]: 134 Fgm. 17a Jac.: because of the ὕβρις of humans, Zeus brought the utopian state of affairs in India to an end, and sent πόνος into the life of humans [cp. ἐν λύπαις Gen 3:17]; Ps 89:10; Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 49; 18, 244) πόνον ἔχειν ὑπέρ τινος Col 4:13 (πόνον ἔχειν: Il. 15, 416; Hes., Shield 305; Paus. 4, 16, 3. As mark of distinction, SJohnstone, Virtuous Toil, Vicious Work—Xenophon on Aristocratic Style: ClPh 89, ’94, 219–40.—Theocr. 7, 139 has π. with a ptc. in the sense ‘take pains’). μετὰ πόνου with difficulty, laboriously, painstakingly (Pla., Soph. 230a μετὰ πολλοῦ πόνου) Dg 11:8. According to ABoegehold (Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 23, ’82, 147–56), the years 424–421 B.C. mark a trend in the direction of
    ② experience of great trouble, pain, distress, affliction (Thu. 2, 49, 3; X., Mem. 2, 2, 5; Aelian, NA 7, 30 p. 190, 9, VH 5, 6 [CPJones, ClPh 79, ’84, 43f]; SIG 708, 11; POxy 234 II, 24; 37; Is 65:14; Job 4:5; TestJob 52:1; JosAs; ApcMos 5; Just., A I, 21, 2 φυγῇ πόνων) w. πένθος and κραυγή Rv 21:4 (cp. Is 35:10; Pind., P. 10, 42 in a description of the blissful Hyperboreans). εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ (cp. Gen 34:25; TestJob 24:6 ἐν πόνοις; Just., D. 125, 5) 1 Cl 16:3f (Is 53:4). ἀφαιρεῖν ἀπὸ τ. πόνου τῆς ψυχῆς (ἀφαιρέω 2a.—πόνος τ. ψυχῆς: Maximus Tyr. 1, 4b) vs. 12 (Is 53:10f). Of the Crucified One ὡς μηδὲ πόνον ἔχων as though he felt no pain at all GPt 4:10. Of a hailstone πῶς πόνον παρέχει how much pain it causes, how much it hurts Hm 11:20. ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain (Appian, Iber. 97 §423) Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test Jud 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. (Eur., Fgm. 364 Nauck2) because of their sufferings vs. 11. πόνους ὑποφέρειν undergo hardships 1 Cl 5:4.—HKuist, Biblical Review 16, ’32, 415–20 (πόνος, μόχθος).—B. 540. Schmidt, Syn. II 611–25 πονηρός. DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πόνος

  • 2 πόνος

    πόνος, ὁ, ([etym.] πένομαι)
    A work, esp. hard work, toil, in Hom. mostly of the toil of war, μάχης π. the toil of battle, Il.16.568; πόνος alone, = μάχη, 6.77, Od.12.117, al.; πόνον ἔχειν, = μάχεσθαι, Il.6.525, cf. 13.2, al.;

    ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι π. καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο 17.158

    ;

    π. ἀνδρῶν Thgn.987

    ;

    πόνοι Ἐνυαλίου Pi.I.6(5).54

    ; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π. ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται in this struggle (at Marathon), Hdt.6.114;

    ἐν τοῖσι Τρωϊκοῖσι π. Id.9.27

    .
    2 generally, toil, labour,

    ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου Il.1.467

    , al.; π. ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη cause toil to them, Hes.Op. 470; π. λαβόντας incurring toil, Hdt.7.24;

    π. παρέχειν μανθάνοντι Pl.R. 526c

    ; μάταιος π. labour in vain, Id.Ti. 40d;

    οἱ κατὰ τὰ σώματα π. Id.Plt. 294e

    ;

    π. συνεχής Democr.241

    ;

    πολλῷ π. A.Pers. 509

    ;

    μετὰ πολλοῦ π. Pl.Sph. 230a

    ;

    σὺν π. X.Cyn.9.6

    ;

    οὐ μακρῷ π. A.Pr.75

    ;

    ἄνευ π. X.Mem.2.6.22

    ; ἔχει πόνον πολύν involves much trouble, Ar. Pax 1216 (also εἰνάλιον π. ἐχοίσας σκευᾶς when the tackle labours in the sea, Pi.P.2.79): pl.,

    π. ἑκούσιοι Democr.240

    .
    3 of special kinds of labour, bodily exertion, exercise,

    στρατιωτικοὶ π. X.Cyr.3.3.9

    ; of exertions in the games, Hes.Sc. 305, Pi.N.4.1, l.4(3).47, etc.; γυμνάσια.., νεανιᾶν (prob.) πόνον the scene of youthful labours, E.Hel. 211 (lyr.);

    εἰναλίοισι πόνοισι Theoc.21.39

    .
    4 work, task, business,

    ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν Od.11.54

    ; enterprise, undertaking, S.Ph. 864 (lyr.), etc.
    II stress, trouble, distress, suffering, Il.19.227;

    Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδε' ἔθηκεν 21.525

    ;

    ἦ μὴν καὶ π. ἐστὶν.. 2.291

    ; ἐν τούτῳ τῷ π., of a storm, Hdt.7.190; ὁ Μηδικὸς [π.] the trouble from the Medes, Id.4.1;

    παῦροι ἐν πόνῳ πιστοί Pi.N.10.78

    : freq. in Trag.,

    πόνος πόνῳ πόνον φέρει S.Aj. 866

     (lyr.);

    πόνον ἔχειν Id.OC 232

     (lyr.), etc.: in pl., sufferings, A.Pr.66, 328, etc.; πόνους πονεῖν (cf.

    πονέω B.1.2

    );

    διά τινα πόνους ἔχειν Ar.Ec. 975

     (lyr.); also of disease,

    κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ π. Th.2.49

    ;

    πλευρᾶς πόνοι καὶ θώρακος καὶ ἥπατος Dsc.1.2

    ; ἰσχίων π. καὶ πλευρᾶς ib. 73.
    2 pain, esp. physical,

    δύο π. ἅμα γενομένων, μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον Hp.Aph.2.46

    , cf. Erot. s.v. πόνοι, Gal.17(2).699;

    π. ἐν κεφαλῇ Hp.

    Acut.(Sp.) 40;

    ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι Id.Aph.4.44

    ,45, cf. Sor.1.27, al.;

    π. ἐς ἀμφοτέρας κνήμας Hp. Epid.1.26

    .γ, cf. δ, al., LXX Ge.34.25; distd. from λύπη (pain in general), Alex.Aphr.Quaest.125.33; but sts. = λύπη, Epicur.Ep.3p.65U., Sent.Vat.4, Fr. 442, Phld.Mus.p.72K.
    III anything produced by work, a work, μελισσᾶν τρητὸς π., of honey, Pi.P.6.54;

    ὑψηλὸς τεκτόνων π. A.Fr. 357

    , cf. E.Or. 1570; ὁ ἐμὸς ὠδίνων π., of a child, Id.Ph.30; so, πόνον ὀρταλίχων ὀλέσαντες, i.e. the nestlings, A.Ag.54 (anap.); τοὺς ἡμετέρους π. the fruits of our labour, X.An.7.6.9.
    IV Πόνος personified as son of Eris, Hes.Th. 226.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πόνος

  • 3 διακονία

    διακονία, ας, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διάκονος; Thu. et al.; IG XII/5, 600, 14 [III B.C.]; PFouad 25 verso I, 1 [II A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:58; Esth 6:3, 5 [both v.l.]; TestJob 11:1ff, 15:1; Joseph.)
    ① service rendered in an intermediary capacity, mediation, assignment, δ. τῆς λειτουργίας mediation of this public obligation 2 Cor 9:12; cp. 13. ἡ δ. ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ my embassy in behalf of J. (=my role as delivery agent [for the gift] for J. The v.l. δωροφορία indicates that δ. denotes intermediary function; the context informs the reader that the mission involves the bringing of a gift) Ro 15:31; cp. 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1.—On the ‘collection’: ELombard, RTP 35, 1902, 113–39; 262–81; MGoguel, RHPR 4, 1925, 301–18; KNickle, The Collection ’66.—πνεύματα εἰς δ. ἀποστελλόμενα spirits sent out on assignment Hb 1:14.
    ⓐ gener. service πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τ. ἁγίων εἰς ἔργον διακονίας to prepare God’s people for productive service Eph 4:12 (the rendering [as later edd. of RSV, also NRSV, REB] assumes that no comma, as in KJV, RV, RSV1, JB et al., is to be placed before εἰς [difft. 3 below]); δ. τοῦ λόγου Ac 6:4; ἡ ὑμῶν δ. service to you 2 Cor 11:8.—1 Cor 16:15; 2 Ti 4:11; Rv 2:19.
    ⓑ specif. engagement in preparations for a social event, such as a meal (s. Plut., Philopoem. 357 [2, 3]: a Megarian hostess mistakes the statesman P. for one of his aides and sets him to chop wood as part of the διάκονια or preparations for a meal; Jos., Ant. 2, 65; 11, 163 διακονεῖν τινι τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ πότου διακονίαν) περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν δ. (Martha) was distracted w. many preparations Lk 10:40.
    ③ functioning in the interest of a larger public, service, office of the prophets and apostles 1 Ti 1:12; κλῆρος τῆς δ. Ac 1:17; τόπος τῆς δ. vs. 25. Of the service of the Levites 1 Cl 40:5; the office of an ecclesiastical overseer IPhld 1:1; 10:2; ISm 12:1; Hs 9, 27, 2; δ. λαμβάνειν receive a ministry Ac 20:24. διαιρέσεις διακονιῶν 1 Cor 12:5; δ. τοῦ θανάτου ministry of death: of the OT law 2 Cor 3:7. Also δ. τῆς κατακρίσεως min. of condemnation vs. 9. Opp. δ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης min. of righteousness ibid.; δ. τοῦ πνεύματος min. of the Spirit vs. 8 of service in behalf of the Gospel; cp. Ac 21:19; Ro 11:13; 2 Cor 4:1; 6:3; Col 4:17; 2 Ti 4:5; δ. τῆς καταλλαγῆς ministry of reconciliation 2 Cor 5:18; τὴν δ. τελέσαι carry out this assignment Hm 2:6; concerning obedience and exhortation 12, 3, 3; Hs 1:9; 2:7. τελειῶσαι … τὴν δʼ discharge … my responsibility Ac 20:34.—Eph 4:12 belongs here if, with KJV, RV, RSV1 et al. and contrary to N. and other edd., a comma is placed before εἰς (s. Collins [at 5, end, below] 233f).
    ④ rendering of specific assistance, aid, support (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 1 εἰς διακονίαν=for support), esp. of alms and charitable giving (AcThom 59 [Aa II/2, 176, 2] χρήματα πολλὰ εἰς διακονίαν τῶν χηρῶν=much money to take care of the widows) Ac 6:1. εἰς δ. πέμψαι τί τινι send someone someth. for support 11:29; cp. 12:25.
    ⑤ an administrative function, service as attendant, aide, or assistant (Eng. loanw. ‘deacon’; Hippol., Ref. 7, 36, 3) Ro 12:7 (Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 110); IMg 6:1; IPhld 10:2; Hs 9, 26, 2.—PAbbing, Diakonia, diss. Utrecht ’50; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos usw. ’51, 19–164; RAC III 909–17; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > διακονία

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